Abstract

Abstract Acid fracturing is an essential technology for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs containing carbonate. However, in the case of deep and ultra-deep marine carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, existing acid fracturing technologies are unable to create a complex fracture network due to engineering and geological characteristics. To efficiently and economically develop carbonate reservoirs in the Majiagou Formation of Yanchang Oilfield (China) and achieve efficient three-dimensional development of deep carbonate reservoirs in Yanchang Oilfield, the difficulties in acid fracturing such reservoirs are revealed based on the engineering geological characteristics of deep marine carbonate reservoirs in China. With the goal of achieving efficient three-dimensional development of this type of oil and gas reservoir, the concept of multi-dimensional acid fracturing is proposed, taking full advantage of technologies such as spatial fracture-network-formed fracturing and deep acid fracturing. The technical connotation is clarified, and the key technologies involved are described in detail. After field application of this technology, breakthroughs have been achieved in both acid fracturing technology and high post-frac production effectiveness. The research results of this paper indicate that: The multi-dimensional acid fracturing involves three aspects: selecting the appropriate acid deep penetration technology based on the reservoir type to fully fracture the reservoir, creating complex acid fracturing fracture bodies with high conductivity under high closure pressure, and strategically deploying acid fracturing fracture bodies along long well sections to maximize well productivity in the wellbore direction. This paper presents research on multi-dimensional acid fracturing technology based on reservoir characteristics in the Majiagou Formation. This includes building a 3D acid fracturing geologic model based on analysis of logging data and laboratory testing to predict effective etched fracture length, optimizing high slow-reacting acid, controlling acid etching fracture morphology, optimizing acid fracturing parameters, and developing uniform acid distribution technology for long interval reservoirs in horizontal/highly deviated wells. The proposed acid fracturing technology for the Majiagou Formation of the Yanchang Oilfield has significantly better field application effects than previous acid fracturing technologies and is of important guiding significance to the stimulation and production of carbonate reservoirs in the Yanchang Majiagou Formation.

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