Multichannel joint resolution enhancement for nonstationary prestack data with adaptive structure regularization

Abstract

Seismic waves always suffer from amplitude dissipation and phase distortion and such attenuation-induced effects will degrade the quality of seismic data. Therefore, a slew of research on attenuation compensation has been proposed to correct the attenuation effects and improve the resolution of the original data. In recent years, geophysicists have paid more attention to prestack compensation because prestack data contain more information about the subsurface medium. However, it is challenging to implement prestack compensation for which the traveltime of prestack data is difficult to be determined unless an accurate velocity model is available. Furthermore, prestack data usually contains more noises and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of prestack data is lower, which is more prone to noise amplification during compensation. To improve the performance of prestack compensation, we have developed a robust structure-oriented multichannel prestack compensation method. We incorporate an additional adaptive structure regularization to stabilize the processing of compensation. We refer to our structure-constrained multichannel prestack compensation method as the SCMPC method. With the help of adaptive structure regularization, our method has a superior ability to suppress those artifacts caused by ambient noises and enhance the consistency of effective signals during compensation. Compared with classic single-channel prestack compensation methods, this SCMPC method can provide a better result with higher accuracy and S/N. We use synthetic and field examples to further validate the good performance of our method.