Abstract
An uplink multi-user tracking problem aided by multiple passive reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is addressed in this work. Under a near-field circumstance, a multi-antenna base station (BS) localizes multiple moving single-antenna users by processing the received signals transmitted by users and reflected by RISs. Considering the users’ mobility and the potential obstruction of line-of-sight paths, a multi-user tracking system based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) which fully exploits the temporal correlations between each user’s coordinate changes is designed. Then, the Bayesian Cramér–Rao bound (BCRB) of tracking errors is derived in a pattern consistent with the EKF process. Subsequently, an optimization scheme for passive phase shift design at the RISs is devised by minimizing the derived BCRB and is solved using the Gradient Descent method. Numerical results indicate that the accuracy of our tracking algorithm can approach the BCRB. With abundant RISs deployed and optimized, high-precision multi-user tracking via a single BS can be realized even in harsh localization environments.
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