Abstract
This paper presents a multi-timescale control strategy to deploy electric vehicle (EV) demand flexibility for simultaneously providing power balancing, grid congestion management, and economic benefits to participating actors. First, an EV charging problem is investigated from consumer, aggregator, and distribution system operator’s perspectives. A hierarchical control architecture (HCA) comprising scheduling, coordinative, and adaptive layers is then designed to realize their coordinative goal. This is realized by integrating multi-time scale controls that work from a day-ahead scheduling up to real-time adaptive control. The performance of the developed method is investigated with high EV penetration in a typical residential distribution grid. The simulation results demonstrate that HCA efficiently utilizes demand flexibility stemming from EVs to solve grid unbalancing and congestions with simultaneous maximization of economic benefits to the participating actors. This is ensured by enabling EV participation in day-ahead, balancing, and regulation markets. For the given network configuration and pricing structure, HCA ensures the EV owners to get paid up to five times the cost they were paying without control.
Highlights
The future power system is anticipated to undergo major transformation as shown in Figure 1 due to changes in the mode of electricity generation and transportation
This paper presents smart electric vehicle (EV) charging control strategies to exploit their flexibilities for system balancing and congestion management of smart distribution grids, with simultaneous maximization of economic benefits
It is worth mentioning that this paper is focused on EV charging from consumer, distribution system operator (DSO), and Aggregator-Day-ahead Market: While interacting with day-ahead market, aggregator bids aggregator perspectives, while the impacts of balancing and regulating regulating markets markets (BRM) and energy markets are incorporated through the energy for EV charging and in return acquires hourly electricity price
Summary
The future power system is anticipated to undergo major transformation as shown in Figure 1 due to changes in the mode of electricity generation and transportation. Increased environmental concerns and favorable government policies are leading to increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar PVs, in many countries (e.g., USA, Denmark, and Germany) [1,2,3]. This transformation is progressively phasing-out large power plants which were conventionally used for balancing purposes [2]. This paper presents smart EV charging control strategies to exploit their flexibilities for system balancing and congestion management of smart distribution grids, with simultaneous maximization of economic benefits. Section 5intoSection realize5the multi-time scale control, the performance control architecture (HCA) isinproposed to realize the multi-time scaleand control, and the of theperformance
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