Multi-objective risk-constrained optimal performance of hydrogen-based multi energy systems for future sustainable societies

Abstract

Hydrogen is one of the leading energy sources under special consideration due to its sustainability and technological development. The main concept of integrated energy system is applied in this article. The goal is to maintain a coordination between hydrogen cycle where hydrogen is produced and converted with renewable energy (RE). Three energy storage for charging/discharging hydrogen, hot and cold water are employed enhance the energy efficiency. The demand-side energy system could rely on this combination that enables the increase in wind and solar energy utilization and uses it to generate hydrogen in future smart cities. This paper uses a scenario-based stochastic optimization to model the associated uncertainties. The epsilon-constraint and max-min fuzzy methods are used as multi-objective approach to satisfy environmental and economic goals, simultaneously. To analyze the associated risk imposed by multiple uncertain parameters, the downside risk constraint (DRC) is implemented to render several risk-averse strategies to the decision-maker based on various constraint level. The results show that the final solution in risk neutral strategy satisfies both emission and operation costs. The ultimate associated risk in conservative strategy will tend to zero at the 4.2% operation cost increment and 3% emission reduction.