Abstract
To develop low-carbon transport and promote sustainable economic development, this paper took the uncertainty in highway transport speed and transshipment time into account in the actual transport process and established multi-objective path-decision models of multimodal transport under different carbon policies. The expectation values of nonlinear uncertainties were estimated by Law of Large Numbers (LLN), and the models were solved by the K-shortest paths algorithm and non-dominated sorting algorithm (NSGA-II), whose advancement and effectiveness were verified through the comparison of SPEA2. Based on the Pareto theory, the optimally symmetrical compromise between the objectives and the influence of the transport speed uncertainty and carbon emission policies on path decisions were quantified and discussed. Taking the multimodal transport network of West Africa as the experimental background, the practicability of the path-decision results is analyzed, and a trade-off analysis is also conducted to provide the theoretical foundation for future freight transport planning.
Highlights
The fast pace of globalization and the development of international trade has spawned huge shipping demand, as more cargoes need to be transported; the emissions produced during the transport process have inevitably increased, which makes the environment situation more serious [1]
After the uncertain conditions are transformed, the optimization models under different carbon emission policies are shown as follows: (1) Without a carbon emission policy In this scenario, the model takes the minimization of the estimated values T0 and C0 as the objectives and the estimated value of the punctuality of the cargoes’ arrival as the constraint, which is shown as Equation (10):
As a way to achieve sustainable transport, the implementation of a low-carbon policy has proven to exert a positive role in reducing carbon emissions
Summary
The fast pace of globalization and the development of international trade has spawned huge shipping demand, as more cargoes need to be transported; the emissions produced during the transport process have inevitably increased, which makes the environment situation more serious [1]. To uphold the “green” idea, it is necessary to study the multi-objective path-decision problem of multimodal transport under different carbon policies. To achieve sustainable transport while retaining a high transport efficiency, it is obligatory to simultaneously consider the impacts of different carbon policies and highway transport speed on the path decision of the multimodal transport problem; here, a multi-objective approach is applied to reach the best symmetrical compromise between the goals. Based on different carbon emission policies, a multi-objective path-decision model of multimodal transport is constructed in order to realize a symmetrical compromise between the economy and environmental impacts.
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