Abstract
The forced air cooling of U-type BTMS (battery thermal management system) with 12 prismatic lithium-ion batteries is considerably improved by adjusting the distribution of battery spacing and/or the tapered inlet/outlet manifolds. The temperature and velocity distributions of BTMS with an inlet temperature of 25 °C and various inlet airflow rates are calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). High inlet airflow rate reduces the average temperature of the hottest battery (Tave,max) but increases the maximum average temperature difference between batteries (ΔTave,max), and vice versa for low inlet airflow rate. Multi-objective optimization using Nelder-Mead algorithm combined with CFD is performed to minimize the objective functions including ΔTave,max, Tave,max, and power consumption of fan without changing the BTMS volume. Taking an inlet airflow rate and independent battery spacings as design variables (13 variables), the Tave,max and ΔTave,max of optimized module are reduced to 38.2 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, with a power consumption of about 1.51 W. Taking a linearly dependent battery spacing, inlet airflow rate, and tapered inlet/outlet manifolds as design variables (3 variables), the multi-objective optimization is carried out in short time and the power requirement of fan is reduced to 1.05 W without sacrificing the cooling performance of U-type BTMS.
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