Multi-objective design optimization of a multi-type battery energy storage in photovoltaic systems

Abstract

In order to ensure economy and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) systems, battery energy storage systems (BESS) are usually utilized to accommodate various application scenarios. In this work, a multi-objective optimization method to design the BESS with multiple types of batteries was proposed, in which the total cost (TC) and the output power smoothing index (TP) of the PV systems were simultaneously minimized. The corresponding solution strategy to the proposed model was also developed, where the augmented ε-constraint method was adopted to solve the proposed multi-objective model, and the trade-off point determination method was used to attain the optimal design of the BESS in the PV system. A case study was adopted to illustrate the implementation and effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the Pareto front of the TC and TP of the PV system can be obtained by the proposed method. In the case study, the normalized TP 0.4 is selected as the trade-off point when the minimum total cost is taken as the primary target. The effects of the two objectives on the selection of battery types, battery capacities, and power scheduling schemes of the BESS in the PV system are comprehensively analyzed and discussed. This work provides meaningful guidance for the utilization of the BESS with multiple types of batteries under multi-objective application scenarios.