Multi-interfacial bio-hybrid hydrogel engineering of Alg-Cys polymer coupled with Au nanoparticles as hierarchical excellent electrocatalyst for the detection of prostate cancer drug in human biological fluids

Abstract

In recent years, the number of patients with prostate cancer has increased in many countries. Consequently, the use of anticancer drugs to effective cancer treatment has also risen. Flutamide (FLU) is an anticancer drug that can cause significant side effects when the dose is too high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to monitor and detect this drug in the human body. In this regard, we have developed a novel electrocatalyst based on Alg-Cys-AuNPs for FLU detection. This functionalization creates more active sites, increasing the surface area and electron transportation, resulting in an excellent detection limit (LOD; 1.4 nM), linear range (LR; 0.001–5.23 μM), and sensitivity (65.99 ( ± 0.002) μA μM−1 cm−2) for FLU. Furthermore, the proposed electrocatalyst FLU sensor has demonstrated good repeatability, anti-interference capabilities, stability, and real-time analysis with satisfactory recovery results. This clearly indicates its suitability for real-time industrial applications.