Abstract
Treatment of large bone defects derived from bone tumor surgery is typically performed in multiple separate operations, such as hyperthermia to extinguish residual malignant cells or implanting bioactive materials to initiate apatite remineralization for tissue repair; it is very challenging to combine these functions into a material. Herein, we report the first photothermal (PT) effect in bismuth (Bi)-doped glasses. On the basis of this discovery, we have developed a new type of Bi-doped bioactive glass that integrates both functions, thus reducing the number of treatment cycles. We demonstrate that Bi-doped bioglasses (BGs) provide high PT efficiency, potentially facilitating photoinduced hyperthermia and bioactivity to allow bone tissue remineralization. The PT effect of Bi-doped BGs can be effectively controlled by managing radiative and non-radiative processes of the active Bi species by quenching photoluminescence (PL) or depolymerizing glass networks. In vitro studies demonstrate that such glasses are biocompatible to tumor and normal cells and that they can promote osteogenic cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Upon illumination with near-infrared (NIR) light, the bioglass (BG) can efficiently kill bone tumor cells, as demonstrated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. This indicates excellent potential for the integration of multiple functions within the new materials, which will aid in the development and application of novel biomaterials.
Highlights
Bone is a complex type of tissue with the capacity to self-repair[1]
Regeneration may fail for large bone defects, such as those caused by bone cancer or pathological fractures
We occasionally found that, when irradiated by 808 nm laser diode (LD), all Bi-doped germanate glasses became very hot during investigations of the PL properties
Summary
Bone is a complex type of tissue with the capacity to self-repair[1]. Common treatments for bone cancer currently involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy[2]. Compared to traditional treatment methods, hyperthermia has been proposed as a minimally invasive way to shorten patient recovery times[4]. It involves the use of functional nanoparticles, laser-induced thermal therapy, or high-intensity ultrasonic treatment[5,6,7,8].
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