Abstract
To obtain comparable results of multi-element analysis on plant materials by different institutes a harmonized sampling procedure within terrestrial and marine ecosystems is an essential condition. The heterogeneous distribution of chemical elements in living organisms is influenced by different biological parameters. These parameters are mainly characterized by genetic predetermination, seasonal changes, edaphic and climatic conditions, and delocalization processes of chemical substances by metabolic activities. In this article an attempt was made to divide the biological variations of the element content in plants into 5 systematic levels, which are: 1. the plant species, 2. the population, 3. the stand (within an ecosystem), 4. the individual, and 5. the plant compartment. Each of these systematic levels can be related to 1. genetic variabilities, 2. different climatic, edaphic and anthropogenic influences, 3. microclimatic or microedaphic conditions, 4. age of plants (stage of development), exposure to environmental influences (light, wind, pollution etc.), seasonal changes, and 5. transport and deposition of substances within the different plant compartments (organs, tissues, cells, organelles).
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