Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria were isolated from fr esh fish and fish handlers using conventional methods of bacterial isolation such as colonial morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests. The bacteria isolated include Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus sp , E. coli , Klebsiella sp , Proteus sp . and Brucella sp . These bacterial isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion technique against ten antimicrobial agents. S. aureus isolates showed resistance to gentamycin, tetracycline, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin while Streptococcus sp were resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and clindamycin. All the bacterial isolates were resistant to tetracycline while susceptible to cefoxitin, cephazolin, erythromycin and clindamycin. The multi drug resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed resistance to three and more antimicrobial agents while none was resistant to 10 antimicrobial agents. All other isolates were resistant to four and more different antimicrobial agents while no isolates was resistant to one and ten antimicrobial agents. Therefore the continuous monitoring and surveillance of multidrug resistant bacteria in fish and fish handlers will not only reduce the risk of disease to the fishes but public health hazard to fish handlers and consumers in general.
Highlights
The microbial flora of freshly captured fish is usually a reflection of the environment in which it was harvested
The microbial isolates identified in this study include S. aureus, E. coli, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Brucella sps
Presence of E. coli in food indicates the possible cause of many gastro-intestinal diseases (Nataro and Kaper, 1998) and may constitute potential danger of antibiotic resistance transfer from aquatic bacteria to human
Summary
The microbial flora of freshly captured fish is usually a reflection of the environment in which it was harvested. Free roaming animals especially dogs and birds contribute to fecal contamination of surface water and ponds (Green et al, 2012, Mauffret et al, 2012). These microorganisms from feces or environmental waste contain antibiotic resistant gene that may disseminate and contaminate aquatic environment. Aquaculture represents one means that supplement wild fish due to the growing demand of fish protein in the population (Alday et al, 2006). Fish farmers normally add antibiotics into feed as growth promoters, for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes to supplement this increasing demand (FAO, 2005)
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