Mujeres bajo la dictadura franquista: manuales escolares y representaciones del alumnado de secundaria

Abstract

This research focuses on the relevance of incorporating the gender perspective in the teaching of recent Spanish history with the aim of building an inclusive democratic memory, which also incorporates the historical experiences of women, by examining two basic aspects: on the one hand, school textbooks; and, on the other hand, students' perceptions. To this end, attention is paid to the historical period relating to the Franco dictatorship, particularly to the experiences of women during that time, with the aim of approaching the ideas that students have about this period, in an attempt to understand whether these are related to the discourse that emanates from textbooks about this period. To this end, we mainly follow the qualitative paradigm, analysing both some of the Geography and History textbooks for 4th ESO most commonly used in schools, and the conceptions of 96 Valencian students, aged between 15 and 18, by means of a detailed questionnaire. The first results suggest a limited and stereotyped representation of women during the dictatorship in these textbooks, revealing worrying results in the students' ideas about the dictatorship in general and women's experiences in particular. Despite this, small advances can be glimpsed in some textbooks, as well as in the responses of some female students, which offer us an optimistic perspective to continue moving towards a more complete and complex teaching of history.