Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) as a surrogate cell source in futuristic stem-cell-based endodontic therapies. Human Ad-MSCs and mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) were isolated from liposuction waste adipose tissue and femur, respectively, and the effects of MTA-conditioned media on their viability, mineralization potential, and osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity were subsequently evaluated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, quantitative alizarin red S staining, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were performed to investigate and compare the osteo/odontogenic induction potential of MTA on the Ad/BM-MSCs. The results of cytotoxicity assay revealed that at different concentrations, MTA-conditioned medium was not only biocompatible toward both cell types, but also capable of promoting cell proliferation. ALP activity assay showed that 0.2 mg/mL was the optimal concentration of MTA-conditioned medium for osteo/odontogenic induction in Ad/BM-MSCs. The expression of osteo/odontogenic gene markers was increased in Ad/BM-MSCs treated with 0.2 mg/mL MTA-conditioned media. Our results indicated that MTA can efficiently enhance the osteo/odontogenic potential of Ad-MSCs, and thus they can be considered as a better cell source for dentin–pulp complex regeneration. However, further investigations are required to test these potentials in animal models.
Highlights
For more than a decade, use of stem cells and biomaterial-based approaches has been a focus for endodontic therapy [1]
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue
MSCs derived from proliferation-inducing potential of MTA between MSCs derived from adipose tissue and those derived adipose tissue and those derived from bone marrow
Summary
For more than a decade, use of stem cells and biomaterial-based approaches has been a focus for endodontic therapy [1]. The concept of dentin–pulp regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with scaffold and/or biomaterials aims to improve the dental therapeutic procedures. A three-dimensional culture of MSCs at a specific density can potentially generate a dentin/pulp-like structure both in vitro and in vivo. Such bioengineered tissues would enhance the perceptive potential in response to pernicious stimuli and result in a functionally dynamic tissue [4,5]. Many questions remain unsolved concerning the candidate cell sources, the favorable types of biomaterials or scaffolds, and the ideal means of differentiation [6]
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