Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a powerful tool in the treatment of various diseases. Scientists are particularly interested in the possibility of using MSCs in cancer therapy. The research carried out so far has shown that MSCs possess both potential pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic properties. It has been confirmed that MSCs can regulate tumor cell growth through a paracrine mechanism, and molecules secreted by MSCs can promote or block a variety of signaling pathways. These findings may be crucial in the development of new MSC-based cell therapeutic strategies. The abilities of MSCs such as tumor tropism, deep migration and immune evasion have evoked considerable interest in their use as tumor-specific vectors for small-molecule anticancer agents. Studies have shown that MSCs can be successfully loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel, and can release them at the site of primary and metastatic neoplasms. The inhibitory effect of MSCs loaded with anti-cancer agents on the proliferation of cancer cells has also been observed. However, not all known chemotherapeutic agents can be used in this approach, mainly due to their cytotoxicity towards MSCs and insufficient loading and release capacity. Quinazoline derivatives appear to be an attractive choice for this therapeutic solution due to their biological and pharmacological properties. There are several quinazolines that have been approved for clinical use as anticancer drugs by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It gives hope that the synthesis of new quinazoline derivatives and the development of methods of their application may contribute to the establishment of highly effective therapies for oncological patients. However, a deeper understanding of interactions between MSCs and tumor cells, and the exploration of the possibilities of using quinazoline derivatives in MSC-based therapy is necessary to achieve this goal. The aim of this review is to discuss the prospects for using MSC-based cell therapy in cancer treatment and the potential use of quinazolines in this procedure.
Highlights
Cancer diseases are one of the major health problems all over the world
This review focuses on the benefits and barriers of using Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cell therapy in cancer treatment
The mechanism proposed by Huang and coworkers is that the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from MSCs increases the secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in cancer cells, which induces the activation of Akt and ERK in endothelial cells, thereby enhancing their capacities for recruitment and angiogenesis to tumors [68]
Summary
Cancer diseases are one of the major health problems all over the world. As a cell cycle disease, cancer is associated with uncontrolled cell division. Cell therapy is still evolving and seems to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. Searching for new therapeutic solutions in the field of cancer treatment, scientists point to the important role of MSCs in tumorigenesis and metastasis. MSCs and other types of cells, including cancer cells. MSCs exhibit tropism for sites of tumor microenvironment and interact with cancer cells through paracrine signaling. This review focuses on the benefits and barriers of using MSC cell therapy in cancer treatment. We present quinazoline derivatives as potential anticancer drugs that could be successfully used in MSC-based cell therapy. The biological and pharmacological properties of quinazoline compounds make them attractive in the selection of new substances that could be effectively delivered by MSCs to cancer cells
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