MRC B1221−423: a compact steep-spectrum radio source in a merging galaxy

Abstract

We present BVRIK images and spectroscopic observations of the z = 0.17 host galaxy of the compact steep-spectrum radio source MRC B1221 423. This is a young (� 10 5 yr) radio source with double lobes lying well within the visible galaxy. The host galaxy is undergoing tidal interaction with a nearby companion, with shells, tidal tails, and knotty star-forming regions all visible. We analyse the images of the galaxy and its companion pixel-by-pixel, first using colour-magnitude diagrams, and then fitting stellar population models to the spectral energy distributions of each pixel. We also present medium-resolution spectroscopy of the system. The pixels separate cleanly in colour-magnitude diagrams, with pixels of different colours occupying distinct regions of the host galaxy and its companion. Fitting stellar population models to these colours, we have estimated the age of each population. We find three distinct groups of ages: an old population (� � 15 Gyr) in the outskirts of the host galaxy; an intermediate-age population (� � 300 Myr) around the nucleus and tidal tail, and a young population (� < 10 Myr) in the nucleus and blue “knots”. The spectrum of the nucleus shows numerous strong emission lines, including [O i] �6300, [O ii] �3727, [S ii] ��6716, 6731, H�, and [N ii] ��6548, 6583, characteristic of a LINER spectrum. The companion galaxy shows much narrower emission lines with very different line ratios, characteristic of a starburst galaxy. We have evidence for three distinct episodes of star formation in B1221 423. The correlation of age with position suggests the two most recent episodes were triggered by tidal interactions with the companion galaxy. The evidence points to the AGN in the centre of B1221 423 having been “caught in the act” of ignition. However, none of the components we have identified is as young as the radio source, implying that the delay between the interaction and the triggering of the AGN is at least 3×10 8 years.