Abstract
Among the gene-deficient mouse lines with hydronephrosis, Id2 mutant mice exhibit a battery of features more similar to that of human cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) such as unilaterality and male preponderance. Furthermore, it is intriguing that haploinsufficiency of Id2 can cause hydronephrosis. These observations raise the possibility that Id2 is a gene responsible for the pathogenesis of congenital hydronephrosis in humans. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the Id2 gene locus of familial cases of hydronephrosis.
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