Abstract
A urinary stone may be inaccessible during ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (URS) because of a ring stricture, ureteral edema or a polyp caused by impacted stone, or a narrow lumen of the lower ureter. In such cases, if URS is performed with excessive force, severe ureteral injury or a postoperative stricture may be induced. The rate of an inaccessible ureter at URS and the effect of passive dilation by ureteral stenting were examined.
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