Abstract
The genital tubercle (GT), an anlage of the external genitalia, differentiates into the penis in males and the clitoris in females. Estrogen plays an important role in the development and differentiation of various organs that are hormonally sensitive. Maternal exposure to synthetic estrogen has been shown to disrupt urethral seam closure in male offspring, causing hypospadias. The purpose of this paper was to develop an organotypic genital tubercle culture system in vitro and to use it to investigate the direct effects of hyperestrogenic state on fetal mouse penile and urethral development.
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