Abstract
Nonequilibrium vortex states have been investigated in single crystalline ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ using in-plane resistance and magnetization measurements. It was found that the first-order vortex-lattice melting transition (VLMT) phase line persists even in the dynamic vortex states in a wide range of driving forces and sharply separates the vortex solid and the vortex liquid phases. The activation energy $U$ deduced from the relation ${R\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}R}_{0}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}U/{k}_{B}T)$ abruptly increases below VLMT, strongly depends on transport currents, and weakly depends on magnetic fields in the vortex solid state. The resistivity attains zero value sharply at VLMT in the low current limit.
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