Abstract
Motivational interviewing for substance abuse
Highlights
There are 76.3 million people with alcohol use disorders worldwide and 15.3 million with drug use disorders
Motivational interviewing (MI) can reduce the extent of substance abuse compared to no intervention
We searched for studies that had included people with alcohol or drug problems and that had divided them by chance into MI or a control group that either received nothing or some other treatment
Summary
There are 76.3 million people with alcohol use disorders worldwide and 15.3 million with drug use disorders. The disorder is characterized by a pattern of continued pathological use of a drug or other substance, that results in repeated adverse social consequences related to drug use, such as failure to meet work, family, or school obligations, interpersonal conflicts, or legal problems. We follow the definitions by the American Psychiatric Association (APA 2000) and distinguish between the two by defining substance dependence as a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of the substance despite significant substance-related problems. Physiologic dependence requires the development of tolerance leading to withdrawal symptoms. Both abuse and dependence are distinct from addiction which involves a compulsion to continue using the substance despite the negative consequences, and may or may not involve chemical dependency (APA 2000). The focus of this review is substance abuse, dependency or addiction, but not misuse
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