Abstract
Maize and sugar beet productions are often threatened by various pests, causing high yield losses. Economically, most important maize pest is European corn borer, while sugar beet moth and noctuid moths cause serious damage on the sugar beet. This chapter highlights an introduction to several case studies representing long-term field research results on these pests. Depending on the pest, each study investigated the population level, dynamics of emergence or flight, damage levels and possibilities of forecasting on different localities in Croatia. The results could be of great importance in management of these pests. The European corn borer management depends mainly on timely conducted control, but the damage level also depends on maize hybrid and climatic conditions of investigated area. Damages caused by sugar beet moth depend on the population level and on locality’s specific climate in a particular year. Sugar beet moth population and flight dynamics can be monitored by using pheromones, while pheromone application in forecasting and control showed to be disputable. Noctuid moths feed on the sugar beet foliage, causing high damages, especially on young plants. The damage level depends on the climatic conditions of the research area, and visual inspections of caterpillars are necessary for forecasting and control decision.Maize and sugar beet productions are often threatened by various pests, causing high yield losses. Economically, most important maize pest is European corn borer, while sugar beet moth and noctuid moths cause serious damage on the sugar beet. This chapter highlights an introduction to several case studies representing long-term field research results on these pests. Depending on the pest, each study investigated the population level, dynamics of emergence or flight, damage levels and possibilities of forecasting on different localities in Croatia. The results could be of great importance in management of these pests. The European corn borer management depends mainly on timely conducted control, but the damage level also depends on maize hybrid and climatic conditions of investigated area. Damages caused by sugar beet moth depend on the population level and on locality’s specific climate in a particular year. Sugar beet moth population and flight dynamics can be monitored by using pheromones, while pheromone application in forecasting and control showed to be disputable. Noctuid moths feed on the sugar beet foliage, causing high damages, especially on young plants. The damage level depends on the climatic conditions of the research area, and visual inspections of caterpillars are necessary for forecasting and control decision.
Highlights
Maize is one of the most important field crops worldwide
The results of the investigation could be of great importance in management of investigated pests, European corn borer (ECB) and moths on sugar beet
European corn borer In North West Croatia, the eclosion of the European corn borer overwintering population monitored in cages happened about 2 weeks earlier than previously recorded in the literature
Summary
Maize is one of the most important field crops worldwide. In Europe, it is sown on almost 14 million of ha and in Croatia depending on the year, on between 250,000 and 300,000 ha [1].66 Moths - Pests of Potato, Maize and Sugar BeetMaize is usually attacked by a range of different pests, but the main pests in Europe are wireworms (family Elateridae), western corn rootworm (WCR) (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hȕbner)).The sugar beet is grown from subtropical areas to the northern regions of Scandinavia and originated near the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. 66 Moths - Pests of Potato, Maize and Sugar Beet. In the past 3 years, the area sown by sugar beet has decreased up to 15,500 ha [3]. During the emergence of plants, sugar beets can be attacked by a large number of pests [4, 5]. Sugar beets are, due to favorable climatic conditions, increasingly attacked by a variety of pest species throughout Europe. Out of all species attacking sugar beet during this period, the species belonging to the order Lepidoptera are the most numerous. Čamprag [7] described 36 species from the order Lepidoptera that can cause serious damage to sugar beet crops. The beet moth, Scrobipalpa ocelatella Boyd (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is shown to be growing problem in sugar beet production in neighboring countries (Serbia) [10] as well as in some years in Croatia [5]
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