Abstract
We investigated decadal (2010–2019) cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory mortality sensitivity to annual warm temperatures in major Japanese cities: Sapporo, Tokyo (23 wards), and Osaka. The summer mortalities (June–August) increased with the monthly mean temperature for acute myocardial infarction, other acute ischemic heart diseases, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia in the three cities. Monthly mean temperatures were an indicator of these disease mortalities in Japan. However, similar responses were not found for cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure (excluding Sapporo), subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage. The decadal sensitivities and risk ratios between the maximum and minimum monthly mean temperatures were calculated using a linear regression model. In Sapporo, Tokyo, and Osaka, for example, the analyses of acute myocardial infarction showed summer positive responses of 0.19–0.25, 0.13–0.18, and 0.12–0.30, respectively, as the mortality rate (per 100,000 population) per 1 °C of monthly mean temperature, which estimated increased risks (between the coolest and hottest months) of 37–65% in Sapporo, 31–42% in Tokyo, and 35–39% in Osaka.
Highlights
Many studies have suggested a relationship between exposure to summer heat stress due to atmospheric warming and an increase in heat-related mortality or morbidity [1,2,3,4]
Many researchers have revealed that a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cerebrovascular diseases (CBD), and respiratory diseases (RD)
Japanese data were not included in their analysis, some epidemiological studies investigating the influence of temperature on CVD, CBD, and RD mortality and morbidity have been reported in domestic Japanese papers [12,13,14]
Summary
Many studies have suggested a relationship between exposure to summer heat stress due to atmospheric warming and an increase in heat-related mortality or morbidity [1,2,3,4]. Japanese data were not included in their analysis, some epidemiological studies investigating the influence of temperature on CVD, CBD, and RD mortality and morbidity have been reported in domestic Japanese papers [12,13,14]. No Japanese research has been reported on epidemiological data in recent years, especially in international journals. In this study, using recent decadal death data, the CVD, CBD, and RD mortalities in large Japanese cities were found to be associated with annual differences in warm season climates
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