Mortality of dialysis patients in Qatar: A retrospective epidemiologic study.

Abstract

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on maintenance renal replacement therapy (RRT) have far lower life spans than those of the general population. No previous studies have been performed to assess the mortality of dialysis patients in the State of Qatar. We designed this study to assessthe mortality of dialysis patientsin Qatarandthe impact of dialysis modality. All chronic ambulatory dialysis patients (both on hemodialysis(HD)and peritonealdialysis (PD)between 2014 and 2016) were included in the study, whereas patients undergoing dialysis for less than 3 months were excluded. We reviewedpatients' demographics, comorbidities, and general laboratory investigations through our electronic record system and collected and analyzed them. We identified patients who died during that period andcompared them to those who survived. We performeda subanalysisforHD versus PDpatients who died. The total number of deceased dialysis patients was 164, with an overall crude mortality rate of 6.4%. They were significantly older than those who survived (p=0.0001). The mortality rate was significantly higher in female than in male patients (51.2% and 38.9%, respectively) (p=0.004) but significantly lower in PD than HD patients (1.36%, PD; 5.0%, HD;p=0.007). It was also significantly higher in natives than in the expats (60.3% and 39.6%, respectively)(p=0.0008); however, no significant differences were noted between deceased natives and expats in most demographic and laboratory characteristics. The most common cause of patient death was CVD (62 patients, 37.8%), followed by sepsis (44 patients, 26.8%). Diabetes, cerebrovascular accident, and dyslipidemia were more common in HD deceased patients than in PD patients (80.6%, 47%, and 59%, respectively, in HD patients vs 68.5%, 42%, and 31%, respectively, in PD patients). Albumin and potassium levels in deceased PD patients were significantly lower than in HD patients(p=0.001). Our study found that the high-risk population had a significant mortality, which was higher in HD than PD patients. This is the first study to look at these outcomes in Qatar. We identified multiple mortality associated factors, such as comorbid conditions and old age. We believe that improving treatment and close monitoring for comorbid conditions in the dialysis population might improve survival.