Mortality After Microsurgical Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in the Modern Era

Abstract

The incidence of mortality after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) has been described historically. However, many advances in microsurgical treatment have since emerged, and most available data are outdated. We analyzed the incidence of mortality after microsurgical treatment of patients with UIAs treated in the past decade. The medical records of all patients with UIAs who underwent elective treatment at our large quaternary center from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed mortality at discharge and 1-year follow-up as the primary outcome using univariate to multivariable progression with P < 0.20 inclusion. During the 7-year study period, 488 patients (mean [SD] age= 58 [12] years) had UIAs treated microsurgically. Of these patients, 61 (12.5%) had a prior subarachnoid hemorrhage. One patient (0.2%) with a dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysm died while hospitalized, and 7 other patients (8 total; 1.6%) were determined to have died at 1-year follow-up (1 trauma, 2 myocardial infarction, 2 cerebrovascular accident, 1 pulmonary embolism, and 1 subdural hematoma complicated by abscess). On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for mortality at follow-up included diabetes mellitus, preoperative anticoagulant or antiplatelet use, aneurysm calcification, nonsaccular aneurysm, and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grades (all P < 0.03). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, only nonsaccular aneurysms and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grades were predictors of mortality. A low mortality rate is associated with recent microsurgical treatment of UIAs. However, nonsaccular aneurysms and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grades appear to be predictors of mortality.