Morris syndrome (Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome)

Abstract

Morris syndrome, also known as Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), is an intriguing and extraordinary genetic condition that exerts a remarkable influence on individuals with male sex chromosomes (XY). Within the realm of this rare syndrome, the body displays a captivating indifference to androgens, the very essence of male hormones like testosterone, leading to the emergence of physical characteristics typically associated with the female gender. It is an occurrence that befalls a mere fraction of the population, affecting around 1 in 20,000 individuals. Morris syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation located on the sex X chromosome affecting the AR (androgen receptor) gene. Androgen insensitivity syndrome is characterized by the presence of external female phenotype, 46,XY karyotype, and intraabdominal testes. This syndrome is the third most frequent cause of primary amenorrhea, after gonadal dysgenesis and congenital absence of the vagina. In approximately 40% of AIS patients, there is no family history of the disease. Morris syndrome unfolds with an intricate interplay of internal and nonfunctional testicles, which, despite their presence, fail to fulfill their intended biological purpose of sperm production. Meanwhile, on the external front, the genitalia manifest a striking semblance to that of the female anatomy, featuring a vagina and labia. Additionally, some individuals with Morris syndrome may witness the existence of an enlarged clitoris, bearing an uncanny. Comprehending Morris syndrome is vital for healthcare professionals to offer accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment modalities. Increased awareness among the general populace can foster an inclusive and supportive environment for individuals navigating life with Morris syndrome. Objective: The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of Morris syndrome, also known as Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), including its genetic basis, clinical manifestations, challenges faced by individuals with the syndrome, and the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment modalities. Methods: To achieve the objective, the article will employ a literature review approach, drawing information from scientific and medical sources. Peer-reviewed research articles, medical textbooks, and authoritative online resources will be consulted to gather relevant information on Morris syndrome.