Abstract

Morphological and morphotectonic analyses have been used to obtain information that influence hydrographic basins, predominantly these are modifications of tectonic elements and the quantitative description of landforms. Discrimination of morphotectonic indices of active tectonics of the Jamini river basin consists the analyses of asymmetry factor, ruggedness number, basin relief, gradient, basin elongation ratio, drainage density analysis, and drainage pattern analysis, which have been completed for each drainage basin using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Jamini river is one of the major tributaries of the Betwa river in central India. The Jamini river basin is divided into five subwatersheds viz. Jamrar, Onri, Sainam, Shahzad and Baragl subwatershed. The quantitative approach of watershed development of the Jamini river basin, and its four sixth (SW1-SW4) and one fifth (SW5) order subwatersheds, was carried out using Survey of India toposheets (parts of 54I, 54K, 54L, 54O, and 54P), Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER (GDEM) data, and field data. The Jamini river has low bifurcation index which is a positive marker of tectonic imprint on the hydrographic network. The analyses show that the geomorphological progression of the study area was robustly influenced by tectonics. The analysis demonstrates to extensional tectonics system with the following alignments: NE–SW, NW–SE, NNE–SSW, ENE–WSW, E–W, and N–S. Three major trends are followed by lower order streams viz. NE–SW, NW–SE, and E–W directions which advocate that these tectonic trends were active at least up to the Late Pleistocene. The assessment of morphotectonic indices may be used to evaluate the control of active faults on the hydrographic system. The analysis points out westward tilting of the drainage basins with strong asymmetry in some reaches, marked elongation ratio of subwatersheds, and lower order streams having close alignment with lineaments (active faults). The study facilitated to considerate the function of active tectonism in the advancement of the basin.

Highlights

  • The Ganga and Yamuna are the two major rivers of the world (Singh and Singh 1992; Sinha 1996) and the tectonic control of their courses is well documented for the main channels (Tangri 1986; Jain and Sinha 2005; Singh 2015; Prakash et al 2016a, b)

  • Discrimination of morphotectonic indices of active tectonics of the Jamini river basin consists the analyses of asymmetry factor, ruggedness number, basin relief, gradient, basin elongation ratio, drainage density analysis, and drainage pattern analysis, which have been completed for each drainage basin using remote sensing and GIS techniques

  • The trellis drainage patterns are formed by the network of tributaries and the Jamini river which follow the regional slope is well adjusted to the different geological structures

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Summary

Introduction

The Ganga and Yamuna are the two major rivers of the world (Singh and Singh 1992; Sinha 1996) and the tectonic control of their courses is well documented for the main channels (Tangri 1986; Jain and Sinha 2005; Singh 2015; Prakash et al 2016a, b). The study of drainage basin analysis has clearly established the inherent control of lithology and tectonics of an area in the development of fluvial landforms (Ritter, 1986; Pati et al 2006, 2008). It helps in evaluation of geometric characteristics of the fluvial landscape (Pophare and Balpande, 2014; Prakash et al 2016a, b). The emerging trends in the space technology and applications of spatial data become very useful for surface characterization, interpretation, and management of the quantitative data sets (Magesh et al 2012)

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