Abstract
Bacterial preparations contribute to the digestion of mineral nutrition, have antifungicidal activity, increase the grain productivity and biomass of cultivated crops. We studied the influence of microbiological preparations developed on the basis of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus buchneri on the growth processes, photosynthetic parameters and grain productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Sonet variety. The experiments were performed in 2019 in the North-West of the Russian Federation. The biological preparations were introduced by soaking seeds and treatment of the plants in the phase of third leaf with solutions of the preparations in the concentration of 1 mL/L. The laboratory surveys revealed the positive effect of the biological preparations on germination rate and energy of germination of seeds. Field trials were conducted on micro plots in six replications. During field experiments, we determined that introduction of biological preparations led to significant increase in the leaf area in the experimental plants (to 64.5%), increase in average daily growth gains (to 82.9%) and accumulation of biomass (to 73.1%). Somewhat higher efficiency was exerted by the biological preparation developed on the basis of a strain of L. buchneri. Perhaps, such effect takes place due to higher activity of pigment units of phytohormones of the auxin group. In our opinion, biological preparations accelerate the completion of the ontogenesis phases, thus the plants more rapidly achieve their genetically programmed sizes and transform to the stage of ear-formation. The studied biological preparations increased the coefficient of agricultural use of plants, and grain productivity of barley by up to 15.8%, and nutritional value remained. Microbial preparations on the basis of B. subtilis and L. buchneri exhibited efficiency, and their trials shall be continued on other crops on industrial scales.
Highlights
Traditional agriculture, according to a number of authors (Lugtenberg & Kamilova, 2009; Porcel et al, 2014; Chebotar’ et al, 2016), has run its course; maximum parameters of productivity of particular varieties of plants and breeds of animals have been achieved, soils are exhausted, groundwater and surface waters are more and more saturated with various chemical agents, pests develop resistance to fungicides, pesticides, etc. (Tsavkelova et al, 2006; Pérez-Montaño et al, 2014; Moya et al, 2020)
Under the influence of the B. subtilis-based biological preparation, the energy of germination of seeds increased by 8.3%, germination rate by 6.7%, length of the above-ground part of the shoot increased by 6.1%, while the same parameter for the roots decreased by 4.7% compared with the control
The effect of L. buchneri-based biological preparation was similar: energy of sprouting increased by 11.6% compared with the control, germination by 3.3%, the length of above-ground part of the shoot by 18.3%, and the length of roots by 7.5%
Summary
Traditional agriculture, according to a number of authors (Lugtenberg & Kamilova, 2009; Porcel et al, 2014; Chebotar’ et al, 2016), has run its course; maximum parameters of productivity of particular varieties of plants and breeds of animals have been achieved, soils are exhausted, groundwater and surface waters are more and more saturated with various chemical agents, pests develop resistance to fungicides, pesticides, etc. (Tsavkelova et al, 2006; Pérez-Montaño et al, 2014; Moya et al, 2020). Lack of resources and pursuit of profits stimulate the scientific search for cheap and intense methods of agricultural production. The studies on physiology and biochemistry of plants, genetics, microbiology and biotechnologies could be the main mechanisms of such transformation: there more appropriate varieties of plants, strains of primary producer microorganisms and pathogen-antagonist microorganisms are being selected, biological additives are synthesized, etc. Representatives of the Bacillus genus can stimulate the growth and development of plants and improve the immunity of plants due to synthesis of lipoproteins and substances of hormonal origin (Porcel et al, 2014; Maksimov et al, 2020). The microbiome is extremely diverse (Vasil’yeva et al, 2019), leading to a necessity for scientists to continuously search for and study various strains most appropriate for particular goals of agriculture
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