Morphometric characteristics of distal airways of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin

S.S Popko,V.M Evtushenko

doi:10.31393/morphology-journal-2020-26(4)-07

Abstract

The reaction of the structural components of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles is the urgent issue of morphology and medicine in general, as well as one of the insufficiently studied issue in the study of morphological changes in the airways with allergic inflammation in the chronobiological aspect. The purpose of this work is to study the morphometric parameters of distal airways of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, morphometric and statistical methods under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by three times subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent 8-day intranasal inhalation of ovalbumin. The thickness of mucosa, muscular layer and adventitial layer was determined to assess morphometric parameters of bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. There are reactive changes in morphometric parameters of bronchioles on the 23rd and 30th days of observation, such as the thinning of mucosa and on the 36th day such as muscular-fibrous hyperplasia, accompanied by the narrowing of the bronchioles lumen. There are the most significant confirmed statistically changes in the terminal bronchioles on the 36th day of the experiment such as the thickening of mucosa and adventitial layer, accompanied by muscular hyperplasia and edema of the connective tissue stroma. Thus, sensitization and allergization with ovalbumin of experimental animals cause morpho-functional changes in the structural elements of the wall of bronchioles and terminal bronchioles, which have a staged, mainly multidirectional character and correspond to the main morphological manifestations of allergic inflammation with maximal changes in the late period of its development (the 36th day of the experiment).

Highlights

There is a constant increase in the incidence of bronchial asthma (BA) in Ukraine and the world today, associated with environmental pollution, increased allergization of the population, deterioration of the gene pool of nations [7]
There are the thickening of the wall of bronchioles and terminal bronchioles of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumins, showed by histological analysis
Muscular hypertrophy in bronchioles is the morphological confirmation of the development of bronchial hyperreactivity as a result of OVA sensitization and challenge, which is confirmed by the narrowing of the bronchial lumen, probably due to bronchospasm

Summary

Introduction

There is a constant increase in the incidence of bronchial asthma (BA) in Ukraine and the world today, associated with environmental pollution, increased allergization of the population, deterioration of the gene pool of nations [7]. The morphological basis of bronchial hypersensitivity in bronchial asthma is allergic chronic inflammation of the airways, which is observed at all stages of the disease, regardless of its severity and course [11, 12]. The problem of studying the morphogenesis of allergic inflammation of the distal airways often remains outside the field of vision of scientists. The number of works, devoted to the study of bronchial morphogenesis in various pathological conditions [9, 13], including allergic inflammation in the chronobiological aspect, is insignificant. Considering the above, the study of morphological changes in the distal airways with allergic inflammation in the chronobiological aspect is the urgent issue in experimental medicine

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