Abstract
Continuous observations from geostationary satellites can show the morphology of precipitation cloud systems in quasi-real-time, but there are still large deviations in the inversion of precipitation. We used binary-connected area recognition technology to identify meso-β-scale rain clusters over Hainan Island from 1 June 2000 to 31 December 2018, based on Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM data. We defined and statistically analyzed the parameters of rain clusters to reveal the typical morphological and precipitation characteristics of rain clusters, and to explore the relationship between the parameters and rainfall intensity of rain clusters. We found that the area and long axis of rain clusters over land were larger than those over the ocean, and that continental rain clusters were usually square in shape. Rain clusters with a larger area and longer axis were concentrated on the northern side of the mountains on Hainan Island and the intensity of rain was larger on the northern and eastern sides of the mountains. The variation of continental rain clusters over time was more dramatic than the variation of oceanic clusters. The area and long axis of rain clusters was larger between 14:00 and 21:00 from April to September and the long axis of the oceanic rain clusters increased in winter. There were clear positive correlations between the area, long axis and shape of the rain clusters and the maximum rain rate. The area and long axis of continental rain clusters had a higher correlation with the rain rate than those of oceanic clusters. The establishment of a relationship between the morphology of rain clusters and precipitation helps us to understand the laws of precipitation and improve the prediction of precipitation in this region.
Highlights
Hainan Island is located in the tropical South China Sea at the southern tip of mainland China and has abundant water vapor throughout the year
Island is located at the intersection of the southern edge of the East Asian monsoon region and the Northwest Pacific and the physical parameters—such as the potential temperature, wind field, vorticity and precipitation—of the island and surrounding areas are important in monitoring the onset of the Chinese summer monsoon and tropical cyclones [4,5]
The two most significant relationships were between the area and the long axis of We first binarized the satellite image, and used the connected area recognition the continental rain clusters and the maximum rain rate (Figure 9b,d)
Summary
Hainan Island is located in the tropical South China Sea at the southern tip of mainland China and has abundant water vapor throughout the year. As a result, it has one of highest annual rainfalls in China [1]. Hainan Island and the surrounding areas are affected by weather systems—such as monsoons, tropical cyclones, low-pressure troughs, fronts and jets—and the characteristics of precipitation in this region are complex [1,2,3]. An in-depth study of the characteristics of precipitation over Hainan Island and the surrounding areas helps us to understand precipitation patterns in this region and improve the forecasting of meteorological disasters in East Asia [6,7].
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