Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the marine gregarine parasite Selenidium oshoroense n. sp. (Gregarina, Apicomplexa) isolated from a Northwest Pacific Hydroides ezoensis Okuda 1934 (Serpulidae, Polychaeta)

Abstract

In this study, we describe a novel marine gregarine parasite, Selenidium oshoroense n. sp., isolated from Hydroides ezoensis Okuda 1934 (Serpulidae, Polychaeta). Trophozoites (feeding stages) of S. oshoroense n. sp. were isolated from the gut of H. ezoensis collected from the intertidal shore near Oshoro, Hokkaido, Japan, and prepared for analysis with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and molecular phylogenetic analysis using 18S rDNA. Trophozoites of S. oshoroense n. sp. were, on average, 120 μm long and 13 μm wide. Observation of the cells under SEM and TEM revealed 23 longitudinally running epicytic folds on the surface of the cells. Peduncles, multimembrane-bound whorls, and inclusions were also observed and were indicative of surface-mediated nutrition. Myzocytotic feeding at the apical end of the cell was also indicated in sections of host gut tissue that were viewed under TEM, suggesting that myzocytosis could be a shared feature among this clade of Selenidium from tube-forming polychaetes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA grouped S. oshoroense n. sp. within a clade of Selenidium from tube-forming polychaetes, sister to S. serpulae. The two 18S rDNA sequences generated from separate isolates of S. oshoroense n. sp. had a similarity of 0.997, but were 0.965 and 0.966 similar to S. serpulae. S. oshoroense n. sp. was differentiated from, S. serpulae, based on the absence of transverse striations on the surface of the epicytic folds and difference in ecological niche (host). Morphological differences were supported in phylogenetic analysis which grouped S. oshoroense n. sp. isolates, to the exclusion of S. serpulae.