Abstract
A band of equiaxed grains is found near the fusion boundary of Al–Li alloy weld seam. In order to clarify the formation mechanism of this equiaxed grain zone (EQZ), experimental investigations and numerical simulation of laser butt welding for 2060 Al–Li alloy are conducted in this paper. The macrostructures and microstructures of welded joint under different welding parameters are evaluated. In addition, a 3D finite element model with the same dimension as the experimental workpiece is established and the temperature field of welded panel during laser welding process is simulated. The analysis results indicate that the formation of EQZ is related to the temperature gradient at the fusion boundary. With the increase of heat input, the undercooling rate increases accordingly, making the grains in EQZ get coarser.
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