Abstract
The variations of liver like the accessory fissures and lobes are a potential source of diagnostic errors. The knowledge in the variations may help in diagnosis, treatment planning and minimize the risk of post operative complications. The present study was aimed to observe the morphological variations of livers. The study was done in 70 formalin fixed human livers and was observed for morphological variations. The present study concluded the normal morphology of liver was in 54.28% and anomalies in 45.71% of liver. The most common anomalies were accessory fissures which were found in 32.86% of livers. The second common anomalies were absence or incomplete fissure for ligamentum teres in 15.71% of livers. Then the enlarged papillary process was found in 11.43%, short gall bladder was in 10% and elongated left lobe was in 7.14%. The knowledge of normal and variant liver may contribute to the understanding of the liver disease and to achieve correct preoperative diagnosis; and to avoid intra-operative complications.
Highlights
The liver is the largest gland in human body
The human liver showed the variations in its external appearance, lobes and fissures which are considered as abnormality or anomalies
The most of the morphological anomalies are either due to defective or excess development.[13]. These anomalies were seen in 45.71% of the livers in the present study
Summary
The liver is the largest gland in human body. It is divided into larger right lobe and smaller left lobe by the attachment of the falciform ligament. The right lobe is further divided into quadrate and caudate lobes by the presence of the gallbladder, the fissure for the ligamentum teres, the inferior vena cava, and the fissure for the ligamentum venosum. The small rounded elevation from left lower end of caudate lobe is known as papillary process. The fundus of the gallbladder usually projects beyond the inferior border of the liver.[1] The liver develops from an endodermal evagination of the foregut and from septum transversum mesenchyme which is derived from the proliferating coelomic epithelium in the cardiac region.[2]
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