Abstract
Usually two papillary muscles are described in the left ventricle, anterior (superior) and posterior (inferior); either may be multiple. Many authors mentioned presence of accessory papillary muscles and various patterns of the base and apex of papillary muscle. This study was carried out on 25 formalin-fixed human foetal hearts of gestational age ranging from 14 to 40 weeks in the department of Anatomy, RIMS, Imphal. Left ventricles were cut opened and the number, position, pattern of papillary muscle heads at the base and apex, and distribution of chordae tendineae to mitral valvular cusps were observed and recorded. The number of papillary muscles were found to be highly variable in both anterior as well as posterior group of papillary muscle. In both groups, the existence of single muscle was most common (48% in anterior group and 52% in posterior group), the number varying from 1 to 3 papillary muscle in anterior group whereas up to 4 muscles were observed in the posterior group of papillary muscles. Number of heads at the base of a papillary muscles varied from single head to more than 3 heads and also observed to have variable number of apical heads. Knowledge of variations in the sub-valvular apparatus of left side will help clinicians on the echocardiography,
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