Abstract
The results of the study of the morphological properties of underwater soils in the deltas of the Volga, Don and Kuban rivers are shown. This paper is based on field descriptions of profiles of underwater soils found in deltas. Genetic horizons have been identified, their basic properties (pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, grain size composition, organic carbon content) have been studied and the main types of soils, which are formed under different types of sedimentation and under different types of aquatic vegetation, have been described. Names of horizons and types of soils are given due to the classification of underwater soils (aquazems) of the Volga delta, that had been proposed previously. The diversity of underwater soils of three deltas has been studied, and the properties of the same soil types formed in different deltas have been compared. The features of underwater soils formation are described; the difference between the factors of underwater and terrestrial soil formation is discussed. It is shown that the number of occurring soil types depends on the diversity of the emerging types of aquatic landscapes and the contrast of the conditions of migration and accumulation of matter. Necessary conditions for the forming of underwater soils and the possibility of relating bottom sediments to soil formations are discussed. Our results are indicative of the need of studying bottom sediments with soil-like profile from the standpoint of soil science and the inclusion of aquazems into the modern Russian soil classification.
Highlights
Работа основана на материалах полевых исследований по изучению подводных почв речных дельт
Extraction of the profile of underwater soil using Eijkelkamp drill designed for sampling bottom sediment with undisturbed structure
Tkachenko A.N., Gerasimova M.I., Lychagin M.Yu., Kasimov N.S., Kroonenberg S.B. Bottom sediments in deltaic shallow-water areas – are they soils?
Summary
Поступила в редакцию 30.05.2019, после доработки 02.07.2019, принята к публикации 21.11.2019. Резюме: Представлены результаты исследования морфологических свойств подводных почв в дельтах Волги, Дона и Кубани. Работа основана на полевых описаниях кернов подводных почв, встречающихся в дельтах. Название горизонтов и типов почв проведено с учетом предложенной ранее классификацией подводных почв (акваземов) дельты Волги. Изучено многообразие подводных почв трех дельт, проведено сравнение свойств одинаковых типов почв, формирующихся в различных дельтах. Описаны особенности формирования подводных почв; обсуждается отличие факторов подводного и наземного почвообразования. Что количество встречающихся типов почв зависит от разнообразия формирующихся типов аквальных ландшафтов и контрастности условий миграции и аккумуляции вещества. Обсуждаются необходимые условия для формирования подводных почв и возможность отнесения донных. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости изучения донных осадков с почвоподобным профилем с позиции почвоведения и включении акваземов в современную классификацию почв России.
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