Morphological of the Euphrates River between Al-Qaim and Hit City Using Modern Technology

Abstract

The study aims to illustrate the River characteristics, river morphology and river processes in the study area Landscape. The river and morphological variables used in the study were derived from the satellite imageries available, digital elevation models, and relevant maps. River morphology is used to describe the shapes of river channels and how they change in shape and direction over time. River channel morphology is an indicator of a number of environmental processes and conditions. The river channel is the product of many geographical and geomorphological components that are determined by many factors, which are independent variables of the landscape (Geology, Climate, And Man) and reflect their influence in shaping the variables dependent on the landscape and the channel (sediment supply, stream discharge, and vegetation). Based on the aforementioned variables, the landscapes of the Euphrates River profile between the cities of Al-Qaim and Hit were chosen, which affect the formation and development of the channel. Where it leads to creating the shape of the planform and the active river area. The topography of the study area is characterized as a plateau crossed by the Euphrates River. It was affected by tectonic activity and this was reflected in the shape planform and geomorphic characteristics.The length of the river distance for the studied profile is 348 km, and it was divided into four reaches.It appeared that the index of this distance is characterized by sinuosity, as it reached 1.4, now the meanders are present in the second and fourth reach, while braiding prevailed in the first reach. The emergence of human settlements and increased until the present time, represented by the construction of a group of dams on its basin. It led to the occurrence of a series of hydrological and geomorphological changes, which necessitates the restoration of this basin and finding ways to ensure the stability and well-being of the inhabitants of its basin.