Abstract
During the period 2008-2010, microplot experiments on spring barley were carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy, on a good wheat soil complex. The following cultivars were compared: ‘Conchita’, ‘Kormoran’, ‘Rufus’, ‘Skald’, ‘Skarb’ (2008-2009) as well as ‘Afrodite’, ‘Aliciana’, ‘Bordo’, ‘Skald’, and ‘Suweren’ (2009-2010), in terms of their morphological characters determining grain yield and their response to sowing date: 7-12 April and 17-22 April. Among the spring barley cultivars tested, there were large differences in productive tillering of plants, number of ears per unit area, and grain yield. Smaller differences related to number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. The cultivars ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’ were characterized by high grain yield thanks to greater plant tillering and higher number of ears. The cultivar ‘Bordo’ was marked by the highest number of grains per ear, while cv. ‘Kormoran’ had the highest 1000 grain weight. A delayed sowing date caused a shortening of the growing season by 8-9 days and a shortening of all plant growth stages. This negatively affected number of ears per unit area and grain yield, but did not result in significant changes in number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’, i.e. cultivars with higher tillering ability, can be considered to be cultivars more tolerant to delayed sowing date.
Highlights
Barley is marked by the largest crop area in Poland among spring cereals
Intervarietal variation in morphological characters of barley may generate a different response of particular cultivars to major agronomic factors
There is a lack of information on different responses of new barley cultivars to delayed sowing date as expressed by plant morphological characters and grain yield
Summary
Barley is marked by the largest crop area in Poland among spring cereals. The increase in barley yields over the recent period has largely been an effect of the introduction of new more productive cultivars into farming practice. Intervarietal variation in morphological characters of barley may generate a different response of particular cultivars to major agronomic factors (fertilization as well as sowing date and seeding rate). There is a lack of information on different responses of new barley cultivars to delayed sowing date as expressed by plant morphological characters and grain yield. Decreased yields of new barley cultivars with delayed sowing dates should be compared in relation to plant morphological characters that strongly affect grain yield. There is a lack of information on variations in productive tillering rate and number of grains per ear in spring barley cultivars as well as on the pattern of phenological phases of new barley cultivars depending on sowing date. In the cultivar experiments conducted by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Słupia Wielka, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, and the degree of lodging were evaluated, but number of ears per unit area and number of grains per ear were not determined (Najewski , 2010)
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