Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the morphological changes of the periodontal tissues of laboratory animals using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The goal of the study is to create a model of experimental periodontitis and to identify the characteristics of morphological changes in the periodontal tissues using a biomedical cell product based on the allogeneic adipose tissue of MSCs (AT MSCs). The application of a mixture of AT MSCs and osteoinduced AT MSCs (in the ratio of 1:1) allows reducing the time of bone defect regeneration in comparison to that of bone tissue regeneration when AT MSCs and osteoinduced AT MSCs are used separately, which is expressed in the filling of the bone defect with a fibroreticular osteogenic tissue, as well as with a muscle tissue one month after surgery. In 2 months, in the defect area filled with a collagen membrane with a mixture of AT MSCs and osteoinduced AT MSCs, the initial signs of the formation of trabecula of bones were detected, which is evident of a more comprehensive osteosynthesis process compared to the blood clot use.
Highlights
Periodontal diseases are among the leading dental diseases across the world [1, 2]
Isolation and cultivation of allogenic AT mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from experimental animals (EAs), cell culture quality control, including the counting of the number and the assessing of the vitality of MSCs, determination of the cell phenotype using monoclonal antibodies, evaluation and control of contamination by microorganisms, as well as the induction of cell development in the osteogenic direction and evaluation of differentiation and immobilization of cells on the medium were performed in laboratory conditions in the state research institution “The Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus”
Loose oedema connective tissue (CT), muscular tissue (MT) and spots of granular tissue with local bleeding were observed in the bone defects (BDs) lumen
Summary
Periodontal diseases are among the leading dental diseases across the world [1, 2]. The character of the inflammatory process during periodontal diseases, the disease progression and turning chronic lead to significant pathological changes in the periodontal tissues, the loss of teeth and dysfunctions of the dentition system as well as of various associated organs and systems of the human body [3]. The issues of efficacious treatment of periodontal diseases and prevention of the associated complications remain relevant. The inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues is destructive and accompanied by the resorption of the bone tissues and the damage of the periodontium that supports and maintains the tooth [3]. One of the directions for comprehensive treatment is to improve surgery approaches for eliminating infectious destructive spots in the periodontium
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