Morphological Aspect and iNOS and Bax Expression Modification in Bone Tissue Around Dental Implants Positioned Using Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Versus Conventional Drill Technique.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to evaluate differences occurring in bone tissue around dental implants positioned using piezoelectric or conventional drill technique. Twenty-four implants were inserted bilaterally in the iliac crest of 6 sheep after site preparation through a piezoelectric instrument (Test) or after site preparation through conventional drill technique with rotary instruments (Control). Animals were randomly divided to be euthanized at 15 and 30 days post-intervention (p.i.); peri-implant bone samples were withdrawn and processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of iNOS and Bax expression. Active remodeling phenomena in both Test and Control samples are showed at 15 days p.i., while at 30 days p.i., the overall organization of the peri-implant bone resembles native bone tissue. Immunohistochemical evaluation reveals a statistically significant increase of both iNOS and Bax expression at 15 days p.i. compared to samples obtained 30 days p.i. and to native bone. At both healing times, a higher but not statistically significant iNOS and Bax expression is recorded in samples from Control compared to Test Group. Even if the insertion protocol does not seem to significantly interfere with the long-term healing process, implant site preparation through the piezoelectric bone surgery technique may allow a reduction of peri-implant bone tissue inflammation and support a more rapid bone tissue healing phase.