Lip Symmetry After Cleft Lip Repair Fisher in Unilateral Cleft Lip: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to learn the outcomes of lip symmetry after cleft lip repair by Fisher in unilateral cleft lip compared with other techniques. This systematic review searched English full-text available articles in 4 databases: Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, and hand searched through grey literature and reference lists. Subjects were those with unilateral cleft lip without syndromic disorders who had primary cleft lip repair. The authors compared the technique by Fisher with other cleft lip repair techniques. Outcomes were lip symmetry determined quantitatively by lip anthropometric measurement and qualitatively by the Steffensen grading criteria. Four studies were included with a total of 150 cleft lip repairs, comparing the technique by Fisher with techniques by Millard, Mohler, and modified Millard. The 4 studies underwent critical appraisal, data analysis, qualitative synthesis, and meta-analysis. Assessment with Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 for randomized controlled trials and “Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies–of Interventions” for nonrandomized studies displayed an overall high risk of bias in the included studies. “Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation” revealed a very low quality of evidence for this review. All 4 studies noted better subjective lip symmetry in the technique by Fisher, but lip and vermilion height were better after the technique by Millard. This review found superior lip symmetry quality but inferior lip symmetry anthropometry after the technique by Fisher compared with the technique by Millard and its modifications, with a low quality of evidence.