Abstract
Background and Objectives: The effectiveness of multiple ultrasound evaluations of the peroneus muscles morphology, including muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and connective tissue, after lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is unknown. This study aimed to measure the peroneus muscles after LAS at three points, adding distal 75% to the conventional measurement points, in order to obtain a detailed understanding of the post-injury morphology and to propose a new evaluation index of the peroneus muscles for multiple LAS. Materials and Methods: Participants with and without LAS (LAS and control groups, 16 each) were recruited. The muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle echogenicity were measured using a B-mode ultrasound system at 25%, 50%, and 75% proximal to the line connecting the fibular head to the lateral malleolus. The ankle evertor strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Simultaneously, the peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography. Measurements for the LAS side, non-LAS side, and control leg were performed separately. Results: The CSA was significantly higher at 75% on the LAS side than on the non-LAS side and in the control leg. Muscle echogenicity of the LAS side at 75% was significantly lower than that of the non-LAS side and the control leg. Muscle activity of the PL was significantly lower and the PB was higher on the LAS side than on the non-LAS side and in the control leg. Conclusions: The PL was less active than the PB, while the PB was found to be overactive, suggesting that PB hypertrophy occurs due to an increase in the percentage of muscle fibers and a decrease in the connective tissue. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the condition of the PL and PB separately after LAS.
Highlights
Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most frequent sports-related musculoskeletal injuries [1]
Conventional measurements of the peroneus muscle morphology via ultrasonography have been performed at only one location, either 25% or 50% proximal to the line connecting the fibular head to the lateral malleolus
The purpose of this study was to measure the peroneus muscles after lateral ankle sprain (LAS) at three points, adding distal 75% to the conventional measurement points, in order to obtain a detailed understanding of the post-injury morphology and to propose a new evaluation index of the peroneus muscles for multiple
Summary
Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most frequent sports-related musculoskeletal injuries [1]. In a 16-year study of United States college athletes, the incidence of LAS was. LAS is a serious musculoskeletal injury because of its high recurrence rate of 73.5% [4], which may leave post-injury sequelae and affect sports activities. The effectiveness of multiple ultrasound evaluations of the peroneus muscles morphology, including muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and connective tissue, after lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is unknown. This study aimed to measure the peroneus muscles after. LAS at three points, adding distal 75% to the conventional measurement points, in order to obtain a detailed understanding of the post-injury morphology and to propose a new evaluation index of the peroneus muscles for multiple LAS.
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