Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and micro-structure and the chemical composition of the surface of 5 different commercially available dental implants. Roughness values were also calculated. Materials and Methods: 1 zirconia implant (NobelPearl of Nobel Biocare) and 4 titanium implants, Syra (Sweden&Martina), Prama (Sweden&Martina), T3 (Biomet 3i), and Shard (Mech&Human), were analyzed through SEM-EDX analysis and quantitative evaluation of surface roughness (1 sample), and XPS chemical analysis (1 sample). Surface roughness was quantitatively assessed using the stereo-SEM method (SSEM). The following area roughness parameters were calculated, according to ISO25178: Sa, Sz, and Sdr. Results: From the SEM observations, all the implants analyzed presented modern well-developed micro-structures as the result of the specific process of double acid etching alone or combined with other additional treatments. Roughness values were generally greater at the level of the implant body and lower at the collar. The chemical characterization of the implant surfaces exhibited excellent results for all of the implants and indicated good care in the production processes. Conclusions: All the samples were well-conceived in terms of topography and surface roughness, and clean in terms of chemical residues.
Highlights
Dating back to the first studies conducted by Professor Brånemark, the process of dental implant screw osseointegration has been recognized as an interfacial process that is controlled by the events that occur at the interface between the host tissue and the implant surface [1]
The measured roughness values reflect the current debate and related schools of thought regarding the eternal dilemma of implantology: the increase in surface roughness is favorable with regards to the formation of peri-implant bone, but it can be disadvantageous in the case of bacterial infiltration and peri-implantitis [7,17]
All the titanium implants analyzed were submitted to a phase of double acid etching, which provided, in light of current knowledge, the micro-roughness important for the stimulation of the peri-implant healing process
Summary
Dating back to the first studies conducted by Professor Brånemark, the process of dental implant screw osseointegration has been recognized as an interfacial process that is controlled by the events that occur at the interface between the host tissue and the implant surface [1]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and micro-structure and the chemical composition of the surface of 5 different commercially available dental implants. Materials and Methods: 1 zirconia implant (NobelPearl of Nobel Biocare) and 4 titanium implants, Syra (Sweden&Martina), Prama (Sweden&Martina), T3 (Biomet 3i), and Shard (Mech&Human), were analyzed through SEM-EDX analysis and quantitative evaluation of surface roughness (1 sample), and XPS chemical analysis (1 sample). The following area roughness parameters were calculated, according to ISO25178: Sa, Sz, and Sdr. Results: From the SEM observations, all the implants analyzed presented modern well-developed micro-structures as the result of the specific process of double acid etching alone or combined with other additional treatments. Conclusions: All the samples were well-conceived in terms of topography and surface roughness, and clean in terms of chemical residues
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