Abstract
For the guided regeneration of periimplant hard and soft tissues, human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSC) seem to be a promising source for mesenchymal stromal cells. For this, the proliferation and differentiation of hADSC were evaluated on titanium and zirconia dental implants with different surface treatments. Results were compared to edaphic cells as human osteoblasts (hOB) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Primary cells were cultured on (1) titanium implants with a polished surface (Ti-PT), (2) sandblasted and acid-etched titanium (Ti-SLA), (3) sandblasted and alkaline etched zirconia (ZrO2-ZLA) and (4) machined zirconia (ZrO2-M). The cell proliferation and differentiation on osteogenic lineage were assessed after 1, 7 and 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and a modified Levene test with a statistical significance at p = 0.05. PostHoc tests were performed by Bonferroni-Holm. Zirconia dental implants with rough surface (ZrO2-ZLA) showed the highest proliferation rates (p = 0.048). The osteogenic differentiation occurred early for zirconia and later for titanium implants, and it was enhanced for rough surfaces in comparison to polished/machined surfaces. Zirconia was more effective to promote the proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs in comparison to titanium. Rough surfaces were able to improve the biological response for both zirconia and titanium.
Highlights
The treatment of periimplant bone defects usually requires a reconstructive surgical procedure, with autogenous bone or biomaterial-based bone grafting to stimulate bone regeneration [1,2,3]
Similar findings have been reported by Hempel et al [10], who showed that the metabolic activity was significantly greater for zirconia than for titanium implants 24 h and 48 h after plating
Zirconia dental implants seem to be capable of inducing cell proliferation and accelerating the differentiation toward osteogenesis
Summary
The treatment of periimplant bone defects usually requires a reconstructive surgical procedure, with autogenous bone or biomaterial-based bone grafting to stimulate bone regeneration [1,2,3]. Bone regeneration pathway involves the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the osteogenic lineage [5]; bone tissue engineering makes it a suitable option to treat periimplant defects. The application of osteogenic cells in combination with physiological components involved on bone remodeling have shown improved outcomes in comparison to biomaterials alone [3]. A promising source for the stem cells is the adipose tissue, since it is collected using a low invasive approach. Human adipose-derived cells (hADSCs) differentiate into osteogenic and angiogenic lineage and represent for potential bone regeneration [6]. Extrinsic and intrinsic osteogenic inducers are recommended to optimize the culture environment and increase the cell regeneration potential [7,8]. The imperative need of this osteogenic inducer is unclear and the efficacy of osteogenic differentiation without the use of an osteogenic medium has been assessed [9]
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