Abstract
A fundamental step for cell growth and differentiation is the cell adhesion. The purpose of this study was to determine the adhesion of different cell lineages, adipose derived stromal cells, osteoblasts, and gingival fibroblast to titanium and zirconia dental implants with different surface treatments. Primary cells were cultured on smooth/polished surfaces (titanium with a smooth surface texture (Ti-PT) and machined zirconia (ZrO2-M)) and on rough surfaces (titanium with a rough surface texture (Ti-SLA) and zirconia material (ZrO2-ZLA)). Alterations in cell morphology (f-actin staining and SEM) and in expression of the focal adhesion marker were analysed after 1, 7, and 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with a statistical significance at p = 0.05. Cell morphology and cytoskeleton were strongly affected by surface texture. Actin beta and vimentin expressions were higher on rough surfaces (p < 0.01). Vinculin and FAK expressions were significant (p < 0.05) and increased over time. Fibronectin and laminin expressions were significant (p < 0.01) and did not alter over time. Strength of cell/material binding is influenced by surface structure and not by material. Meanwhile, the kind of cell/material binding is regulated by cell type and implant material.
Highlights
Despite the high success rate of titanium and zirconia dental, a peri-implant inflammatory reaction can occur and lead to bone loss around implants
Considering that cell adhesion, such as related protein expressions, vary according to the material properties [12], the purpose of this study was to determine the adhesion of different cell lineages to titanium and zirconia dental implants presenting rough and smooth surfaces
No significant difference was observed in the cell morphology of the control group and machined/polished surfaces
Summary
Despite the high success rate of titanium and zirconia dental, a peri-implant inflammatory reaction can occur and lead to bone loss around implants. In these cases, regenerative procedures are usually required to restore the bone defect and to prevent the implant failure [1,2,3,4]. Physiological components are able to induce bone formation by stimulating angiogenesis and cell differentiation. Human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) can be differentiated in multiple lineages as adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic cells [6,7]. Our research group previously showed how titanium and zirconia dental implants stimulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs [8]
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