Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective To analyze whether passive inhalation of cigarette smoke causes morphological, structural, and functional changes in kidneys of rats.Methods Wistar rats, aged eight weeks, weighing on average 260g, were divided into Control Group and Smoking Group. Each group was subdivided into four groups of ten animals for morphofunctional analysis, in a period of seven and 28 days. The Smoking Group was exposed to smoke of 40 cigarettes per day, at certain times and in automated equipment for cigarette burning, called smoking machine (SM-MC-01). After the exposure period, urine and blood samples were collected for the functional analyses, and the kidneys were dissected and submitted to histological procedures for morphoquantitative analyses.Results After exposure of animals of the Smoking Group, the following were observed: lower weight gain; lower water and feed intake; decreased renal weight, diameter, and volume; reduction in cortical thickness and glomerular volume density; decrease in glomerular and capsular diameter; increase in mesangial density; decreased urine volume; increased levels of glucose, serum creatinine and microalbuminuria; decreased urinary creatinine levels and creatinine clearance rate.Conclusion Passive smoking negatively influences renal morphology and glomerular filtration rate, with effects similar to those described in the literature regarding active smoking.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world, affecting 8 million individuals per year, and approximately 1.2 million of these deaths result from individuals exposed to secondhand smoke.[1]. Cigarettes are composed of thousands of chemical components, recently estimated to be 5,600
A comparative study performed by Dülger et al,(4) among a group of family members of smokers and volunteers who were not subjected to cigarette smoke, demonstrated renal functions are compromised by active smoking
❚❚RESULTS Carbon dioxide levels The efficacy of the smoking room equipment in generating and insufflating smoke was confirmed by detection of carbon dioxide levels
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world, affecting 8 million individuals per year, and approximately 1.2 million of these deaths result from individuals exposed to secondhand smoke.[1]. 158 have toxicological properties capable of polluting the environment through smoke,(2) which, when inhaled by the passive smoker, contains six times more nicotine, four times more tar, seven times more carbon monoxide, and 73 times more ammonia than that inhaled by the active smoker.[3]. A comparative study performed by Dülger et al,(4) among a group of family members of smokers and volunteers who were not subjected to cigarette smoke, demonstrated renal functions are compromised by active smoking. Smoking and circulating nicotine negatively influence the structures responsible for glomerular filtration, but the association between passive smoking and morphofunctional alterations of these structures, due to this exposure, has not been fully clarified in the literature yet, and this is the main objective of the present study
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