MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN THE EARLY DEADLINE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF STREPTOSOTOCIN DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Relevance of research. The medical and social problem of diabetes involves a steady increase in the prevalence of diseases, high rates of mortality and disability in patients. Disorders of the pituitary-adrenal system play a key role in the pathogenesis of this disease and its complications. Thus, the aim of the research was to determine the specific features of the morpho-functional changes of the adrenal gland in experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and in response to its management. Aim of the study. To establish the peculiarities of morphofunctional restructuring of the adrenal cortex in the early stages (7-14 days) of experimental diabetes. On the 7th day of the development of streptozotocin diabetes mellitus in the adrenal glands, the stage of reactive changes in response to metabolic disorders in the body is traced. Significant thickening of zona fasciculata by 23.95 % (р=0.0007) is noticed in adrenal cortex in this observation period, while the thickness of zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis does not significantly differ from the control indices (р<0.05 in all cases). The endocrinocytes’ profile area is significantly decreased in zona fasciculata that under permanent nucleus area leads to the increase of nucleocytoplasmic index. Morphometric changes in cells are associated with the decrease of lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. It is confirmed by statistical study on the ultrastructural level (volume density of lipid droplets decreases by 48.85 %). These changes in endocrinocytes of zona fasciculata point to significant release of glucocorticoid hormones into blood and is confirmed by biochemical findings, namely, the cortisol level increases by 1.5 times (р=0.0074). Linear proportional associations are revealed between the glucose and cortisol levels r=+0.82 (р=0.0244). On the 14th day of streptozotocin diabetes mellitus is observed to the increase of morphofunctional activity of adrenal cortex, which is evident in: significant thickening of all its zones; significant increase of endocrinocytes’ profile area of all zones and their nuclei; increase of volume density of lipid granules in endocrinocytes of zona fasciculata by 4.73 times respectfully. Blood cortisol level also increases to 18.27±2.21 ng/ml on the 14th day of experiment by 1.7 times.