MORPHEMICS AS A BRANCH OF LINGUISTICS IN THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE: COMPARATIVE ASPECT

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comparative study of the morphemic system of the Bashkir and Russian languages; morphemics in it is considered as a separate branch of linguistics with its object and subject of study.The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of morphemics and morphemic units of the Bashkir and Russian languages,which had thus far been lacking in the Bashkir linguistics.In this paper,the basic concepts and morphemic units of morphemics such as morpheme, morph, allomorph, and affixare studied in comparative-typological terms. A comparative study of morphemics and morphemic units allows us to figure out the role of this section of linguistics in the language system and to determine a lexico-derivational and grammatical function of morphemic units. On the example of the Russian and Bashkir languages, the similarities and differences in the morphemic composition of different structural languages are established. This paper is of scientific and methodological significance for Turkic scholars studying Turkic languages in a comparative sense since the structural features of Turkic languages are reflected in the Bashkir language. Special attention is paid to the leading linguists’writings of Russian and Bashkir linguistics for the study of the morphemic composition. The article makes extensive use of the rule of double word matching.It fully reflects the principle of consistency, which implies a broad background of cognate words and formations of the same structure. Another, no less important principle of morphemic analysis is that of synchronism, whereby singling out of morphemes in a word should be carried out from a position of synchrony and the living semantic and structural relationships in the modern language should betaken into account. The third principle of morphemic analysis is that accounting for derivational relations of the considered lexical units. This principle is particularly importantfor the division of derivative words.In some cases, it ispossible toconclude about the boundaries of the morphemes and the nature of the affixes, only based on the ratio between the derivative word and the derivedone. The analysis of the available on this issue literature allowedto conclude thata morpheme is a general, generic concept, distinguished by comparing all its morphs, and a morph is a particular, specific concept, distinguished as part of a specific word form, in a linear chain, that is, in terms of syntagmatic.In conclusion, it should be said that both in Russian linguistics, and in Turkology, particularly in Bashkir linguistics, morphs and morphemes function as the basic units of morphemic.Our comparative typological analysis shows that both in the Russian and Bashkir languages, the characteristics of the terms “morph” and “morpheme” coincide, and they are used in essence as interlanguage terms.