Monitoring Trends of Mangrove Disturbance at the Tin Mining Area of Bangka Island Using Landsat Time Series and Landtrendr

Abstract

Open-pit tin mining systems in Bangka Island have an outrageous impact due to massive changes in the landscape. The land clearing process in the coastal area before the mining activity and its tailings might cause the mangrove disruption. However, to date, spatially-distributed information on mangrove disturbance due to mining is limited. This research hence aims to fill this gap using remote sensing technology. Trends/dynamics in mangrove disturbance and recovery are studied for the period 1988 to 2021 using the LandTrendr-algorithm implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform. NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio), NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were used as vegetation indicators to detect the disturbance in mangroves areas. The results show that a significant disturbance occurred, shown by the decrease in NBR, NDMI, NDVI, and EVI values. Some observation areas are still experiencing ongoing disturbance by the end of observing time (2021).