Monitoring of The Consumption Level for Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

The indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter referred to as the SDGs) were developed by the UN members and are aimed at the sustainable development of countries in the field of social policy, ecology and ensuring the well-being of the population. Sustainable Development Goals in the field of social policy can be considered necessary for survival. Country indicators are calculated by statistical agencies in accordance with methodologies developed by the SDGs curator agencies. The Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) in accordance with the Federal Statistical Plan calculates most indicators for Russia. The standard of living of the population can be estimated indirectly as the share of the population’s expenditures on food, which are necessary for the physiological survival of a person. The literature notes that the existing criteria for the level of poverty can distort the real state. Therefore, the average per capita consumption level may depend on the size of the household. The paper considers the average per capita expenditure level on food in a household, depending on the characteristics of the household (number of members in the family, age groups). The paper also considers the differentiation of the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the share of the population’s expenditures on food.The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the size of the household and its food expenditures, as well as the characteristics of the population’s expenditures, depending on the composition of the household, on food at home, outside the home and alcohol expenditures.Materials and methods. The source of the data for statistical analysis is the Household Budget Surveys (HBS) conducted by Rosstat for 2010-2020 (11 years). Methods of statistical analysis are applied in the work; the author’s grouping of households is given depending on their characteristics. This survey is conducted quarterly for 48 thousand households. The performed calculations are presented for the year as an average value for 4 quarters. All necessary calculations were performed using the IBM SPSS application software package.Results. The results obtained allow us to draw conclusions about the impact of household size on food consumption. The consumption schedule has a U-shape, where the lowest average per capita consumption is observed in households of three and four people. At the same time, in especially large households (6 or more people), a high share of food expenditures may indicate a high level of poverty. The indicator of the share and structure of household expenditures on food also depends on the characteristics of the household: the largest share of total food expenditures in final consumption expenditures in 2020 is observed in households from single pensioners (46.4%), and the smallest - in households from 2 adults and one child (31.8%). The largest share of spending on eating out is in households of adults and children. At the same time, the presence of a pensioner in the household reduces the share of household expenses for eating out. This dependence can be explained by the lack of time for cooking in the adult (working-age) population.Conclusion. The paper presents the author’s system of grouping households according to their characteristics (number of members in the family, age affiliation, etc.). The results obtained make it possible to assess the differentiation in the structure of household expenditures on food, depending on the characteristics of the family.