MONITORING OF KARST PROCESS IN THE SOUTH URALS AND CIS-URALS (CURRENT STATUS, PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS)

Abstract

The territory of Southern Ural and Cis-Urals is a classic region of development of sulfate and carbonate karst. Within it, karst rocks are spread over 50% of the territory, almost 30% of the area is affected by surface karst forms, 45% of the urban and at least 20% of the rural population live in karst development areas. For the region, it is very relevant to predict the development of this process in order to assess danger and risk, to prevent its impact on engineering facilities and socio-economic facilities in a prompt and timely manner. Forecasting of karst activation is possible on the basis of monitoring data, which is not properly organized and conducted in the territory of Southern Ural and Cis-Urals today, there is no scientifically based observational network. On the basis of modern typification of the territory by conditions of ground water nutrition and moistening intensity, landform, bedding conditions and composition of karst rocks, the nature and degree of their overlap by non-karst rocks, as well as karst danger of the region taking into account its economic development, a regional scheme of the karst monitoring network has been developed. It consists of 16 observation sites, which cover all the types of karst found in the territory of Bashkortostan. Methods of monitoring at the regional level are defined. The proposed network for monitoring the development karst at the regional level is recommended for implementation in the Republic of Bashkortostan as part of the monitoring subsystem of dangerous exogenous geological processes, which is an integral part of the system of monitoring the state of the subsoil of the Russian Federation. It is planned to store and process the data of mode observations using the GIS Map 2011domestic software product.